That insurance that pays and renders service on behalf of an insured for loss arising out of his responsibility, due to negligence, to others imposed by law or assumed by contract.

Indicates the company is incorporated (or chartered) in another state but is a licensed (admitted) insurer for this state to write specific lines of business for which it qualifies.

Indicates the company is a licensed (admitted) insurer to write reinsurance on risks in this state.

Liquidity is defined as "the ability of an individual or business to quickly convert assets into cash without incurring a considerable loss." There are two kinds of Liquidity: quick and current . Quick liquidity refers to funds, cash, short-term investments, and government bonds - possessions which can immediately be converted into cash in the case of an emergency. Current liquidity refers to current liquidity plus possessions such as real estate which cannot be immediately liquidated, but can be sold and converted into cash eventually. Quick liquidity is a subset of Current Liquidity. Again, the importance of Liquidity has to do with how fast and how much cash an insurance company can get their hands on in case there is a disaster and they need to pay off claims. This reflects the financial stability of a company and thus their rating.

Generally refers to Lloyd's of London, England, an institution within which individual underwriters accept or reject the risks offered to them. The Lloyd's Corporation provides the support facility for their activities.

Expenses incurred to investigate and settle losses.

The ratio of Reported Loss and Loss Adjustment Reserves to Policyholders' Surplus, expressed as a percent. The higher the multiple of loss reserves to surplus, the more critical is a company's solvency dependent upon having and maintaining reserve adequacy.