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Quality circles:
A type of work group, popular in Japan and the USA, where small groups of employees from
the same work areas meet regularly to identify, analyse and solve quality and other work
problems.
Quantitative method:
An approach used by psychologists in research studies in order to count quantities and use
statistical support in the evaluation of findings.
R-data: A
category3 of data used in personality assessment, relating to others’ ratings of a
target individual.
Recasting: The
often instinctive way in which the young child’s ungrammatical utterances are put
into correct grammatical forms by its mother or carer and which aid in the development of
the child’s language.
Receptive field:
The region of the stimulus that, when stimulated, causes a change in the response of a
sensory neurone.
Reciprocal altruism:
In evolutionary psychology, the occurrence of cases of non-human behaviour that are
mutually helpful in the sense that the agent cannot gain, or even loses, inclusive
fitness as a result of this action.
Reductionist psychology:
a form of psychology which is based upon an examination of phenomena through the study of
their individual components; thus, in social psychology, the study of the group through
the psychology of the individuals that make up that group.
Reflex: A
particular pattern of behaviour, such as sucking, triggered by a specific stimulus with
which all children are born and which plays a crucial part in the overall development of
the child in the months before and after birth.
Reinforcement: A
term used differently by various theorists to describe how a reinforcer serves to increase
the likelihood of a particular behaviour happening again.
Retinex theory: A
theory of colour vision proposing that the amount of light in the image is first analysed
separately at different wavelengths and that the resulting maps of the image are
subsequently compared.
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