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Algorithm: An established step-by-step procedure used
to achieve a desired result.
Box plot: A graphic method that shows the distribution of a set of data by using the
median, quartiles, and the extremes of the data set. The box shows the middle
50% of the data; the longer the box, the greater the spread of the data.
spread of the data.
Combinations: Subsets chosen from a larger set of objects
in which the order of the items in the subset does not matter.
For example, determining how many different committees of four
persons could be chosen from a set of nine persons.
Commutative property: Numbers can be added or multiplied
in either order.
For example, 15 + 9 = 9 + 15; 3 x 8 = 8 x 3.
Congruence: The relationship between two objects that have
exactly the same size and shape.
Correlation: The amount of positive or negative relationship
existing between two measures. For example, if the height and
weight of a set of individuals were measured, it could be said
that there is a positive correlation between height and weight
if the data showed that larger weights tended to be paired with
larger heights and smaller weights tended to be paired with smaller
heights. The stronger those tendencies, the larger the measure
of correlation.
Deciles: The 10th, 20th, 30th, ...90th percentile points (see definition for Percentile)
Direct measurement: A process of obtaining the measurement
of some entity by reading a measuring tool, such as a ruler for
length, a scale for weight, or a protractor for angle size.
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